Well, I think it is possible in principle, but the reality is governed by politics and in the current political climate it most certainly isn't.
As we saw recently it's very easy to be a fiscal conservative when you don't have to address any single consequence of such policies.
Or, as we've seen for years, it's very easy to sign off on anything, as long as the bill isn't due before you've left the job.
The reality is that most of the budgets are entitlements, i.e. things that were already promised and signed off in the past. It seems to me that changing existing contracts is not going to be very easy thing (remember the bonuses in the many companies that didn't go bankrupt because the government bailed them out), and that's just the reality of leaving the subsequent generations pay for your irresponsible behavior come true. However current contracts will have to come with much more spartan benefits, higher retirement ages etc. That could probably naturally shrink the size of government since such government jobs would be less desirable. And if people really value various government services they have to accept that those don't come for cheap or for free, but cost money, therefore higher taxes.
So ideally I'd imagine a transition to something of the spend-only-what-you-have variety, and then to spend-less-so-that-you-can-pay-off-the-debt, the transition being necessary only to gradually train people into accepting lower quality lifestyle.
But this doesn't seem politically feasible at least not in USA 2011. There is too much populism, and the american culture is conductive to beliefs in economic BS such as 'open system', 'unlimited wealth'...
The problem I see is that the cost of changing the political climate into something more pragmatic is expending tools like the current low cost of borrowing and then you're much worse off than if you had made the same decision but without the need of a wake up call.
It's like needing a wakeup call to start living within your means, but the wake up call that can do it is a delinquency and costs you a 30% interest rate on the debt plus your house.
So, I really don't think any good solution is possible, but I hope that it doesn't have to end up through the worst possible scenario. After all that Ben Franklin quote about liberty and security is just a pretty phrase, the choices most people make should be the exact opposite.