If you compare Ireland couple of decades ago with Ireland of today, it actually has worked really well. Yes, it is currently a bit low due to the recession, but just before then it was one of the most booming economies in europe (also why the bubble there was a bit bigger and thus a bigger pop).
Let's take the latest technological product, the IPad2 - check how much of the value is captured by the manufacturing and tell me again you want to do that job instead of the design, or even retail. And the manufacturing cost isn't that low because it was made in China instead of in USA, it's because it's made mostly by machines with very little human involvement. It's the better technology that killed the bulk of the manufacturing industry, not the exports.
Pretty much same thing as if you want to have a custom made razor you have to pay 4-6 times more than if you want to have a factory production. The difference between chinese and german production is probably another factor of 4 at the same quality level (currently larger because of the difference in quality)
Note that the Japanese economy has been stagnant for decades, what China buys from US is technology, and steals as much as they can from what they're not allowed to buy.
Yes protectionism works if the result of protectionism is what you want. How about the US corn production?
As far as the early 19th century it's always better to make the most relevant comparisons. How about current developed economies, e.g. Germany and France.
Or how perhaps discussing the early 20th century razor imports - we've all had the pleasure of the products first hand and we also have some related congressional hearings.