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The loupe will show you exactly what parts of the bevel are and are not being cut by the honing stroke. This allows you to see the progress that you are, or are not, making in refining the bevels...

I have honed several Oxford razors and don't see any reason why you would need more than one layer of tape unless something is quite wrong with it. Is there any chance that you could post photos of...

As far as spine to blade width ratio goes, yes there is a standard ratio. The range is from 3.5-4.0 to 1.0

Worn spines should have worn edges too. Unless there is something very wrong with the razor, you never should need three layers of tape. How much hone wear is there?

Killing the edge before...