I don't think I've ever had shoes with polyurethane soles. Mine are all leather or rubber and I haven't had any issues (just checked and even the boat shoes are rubber soled).

I think my pair of heavy duty winter boots may have different sole material because they were advertised as suitable for extreme temperatures (both cold and hot) as well as oils but I don't remember the details anymore. No issues with them either over 7-8 winters already, though they don't see heavy use.