the problem with wanting 'fair' is that 'fair' is subjective.
the government does a lot of things and they affect different people differently.
for example the defense budget is about 25% but i'm pretty sure that some people could be quite happy if there was no defense altogether and canada could take over, while others would loose a lot in such scenario.
likewise social security programs are worthless to some and lifesaver to others.

i guess one way of 'fair' is if everybody be paying for just the part of the shared resources that are using. That would certainly work but salaries may change quite a bit from what they currently are.

I think the bit that taxes are actually tool for policy is very important. If you decrease its power it's like increasing the power of other ways to affect behavior. That may not be a very good thing.