In a way you are lucky that your blade is stainless steel. It should clean up easily and if you keep that area from getting wet in the future you should not have too much of a problem with rust. New rubber covers are next to impossible to get, I believe.

Those "nail head" type of pins are fairly new and not original to that razor at a guess. You can get those pins from The Classic Edge Straight Razor Pins & Washers and Revisor Spare parts . There are other places I am sure but those are 2 that I know of.

Bob