Bleach will rust stainless steel if left too long, even diluted bleach. So be careful to rinse it all of it off under running water for a few minutes.

Afterwards wipe down with alcohol to remove any water. I do that after every shave to leave the blade dry. Spray on alcohol and wipe off. Water diffuses into alcohol and after wiping the alcohol promptly evaporates, leaving a dry surface.

Maas, Flitz or any other polishing compound will remove the rust but not the pits left by the rust. Clean-up of this kind of rusting will require more agressive metal (and rust) removal. You may have to live with some pitting. Otherwise due to inexperience you may end up with a completely ruined blade. I have one ground to @#$%! so am speaking from experience.

Was the cake pan aluminuim? This could have accelerated the rusting through a galvanic effect with some impurities in the alcohol. I would use a glass or plastic container to eliminate metal to metal galvanic effects.