Originally Posted by
thp001
The situation in Ukraine has been brewing since the end of the Cold War in some ways.
The West I feel wasted a huge opportunity to bring the Russian nation into the European community, in many ways the end of the Warsaw pact was seen as an "end of history" scenario, with the feeling that liberal democracy was the inevitable end state of the world. In that scenario, Russia in particular as well as places like the former Yugoslavia were left in a limbo bereft of any real support, and what was labelled as support was mostly an excuse for looting, not just by the mafia in those places but by Western powers themselves, particularly the US, where various schemes were drawn up for the US government by the Harvard Institute for International Development which contained guys like Andrei Schleifer, Larry Summers, Jeffrey Sachs, etc.
Andrei Schleifer was a personal adviser to Anatoly Chubais, who managed the privatization of former state industries under the Yeltsin government through what was termed "shock therapy", the initial implementation of which was under the auspices of Jefrrey Sachs, the US appointed economics adviser to Russia, collaborating with Yegor Gaidar, Yeltsins Deputy PM.
Schleifer would eventually be investigated by the General Accounting Office for insider trading in the Russian securities market, along with his wife Nancy Zimmerman, resulting in USAID pulling the plug on HIID.
A swift and radical re-orientation of the Russian economy to the "free market" followed. Various US backed schemes were used to supposedly invest in the economy, one of the most destructive being the shares for loans scheme. The auctions for the scheme were rigged to the point where shares were being sold for incredibly low amounts, cents on the dollar kind of thing. The Harvard Management Company was the only foreign entity allowed to participate in the auctions. Needless to say large shares were acquired by Harvard in important companies such as Novolipetsk due to the rigged auctions. The oligarchs enabled by these schemes ended up controlling an estimated 50-70% of the economy. The major player was Boris Berezovsky, who had already made a lot of money from the illicit activities of his own consultant firm, LogoVAZ, during Perestroika. Notably, current UK billionaire, Roman Abramovich, was something of a right hand man to Berezovsky.
Needless to say, the economic "reforms" were a disaster when implemented, but further yet, whilst they were going on they were deeply unpopular with the population, so much so that Chubais was at one point labeled the most hated man in Russia, and he ended up relying on Yeltsin to pass the reforms by decree, bypassing the parliamentary process.
The Yeltsin presidency became more and more unpopular, the president having an approval rating of 6% going into the 1996 election, the communist opposition leader Gennady Zyugenov was the clear front runner and was expected to oust Yeltsin. The oligarchs pumped about $200 million into the Yeltsin campaign, and Berezovky's near monopoly on the media allowed constant propaganda against Zyugenov, in the midst of this the Clinton administration send advisors to help Yeltsins' failing public image out, and lot's of cash. Under campaigning rules Zyugenov couldn't spend more than $3 million on his campaign, while estimates put the campaign spending for Yeltsin at anywhere from $700 million to $2.5 billion. At this time the IMF gave Russia a $10 billion emergency fund, ostensibly to buoy the poor economic situation. Most of the money dissappeared.
The result of this economic plundering was that the life expectancy fell from 65 years to 57 years, capital flight was estimated at $1-2 billion a month, Russian GDP fell by half, surplus deaths from poverty, substance abuse, was is estimated at 5-6 million between 1992 and 2000.
And who was watching from the sidelines? None other than Vladimir Putin, eventual successor to Yeltsin. Yeltsin thought Putin would follow through on the shock therapy, but soon after his election, he gathered the oligarchs to the Kremlin and basically told them that everything they had plundered was going back to the state. Many fled to cities like London, which is now awash in oligarch cash, currently being targeted by sanctions, yet most was made under the prior admin.
So what was the average Russians experience of US style capitalism, democracy and "human rights" after the end of communism. Well not great would be to put it mildly.
Not to dismiss the personal wealth Putin has looted for himself in the years since, but the average Russian is much better off today than they were in the 90's.
And on top of that, in the military sphere, NATO was eating up all it could, much of this pushed diplomatically by Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany. Kohl's Defense Minister suggested a more cautious approach to expansion. To quote Defense Minister Genscher, "Foreign policy was (for Kohl) like mowing grass for hay, you had to gather what you had cut in case of a thunderstorm." The gains weren't exactly a curse for Washington. Regardless of the actual reasons for expansion, Russia was obviously being treated with mistrust at a time it was also being robbed blind, not a winning 'realpolitik' strategy in the long run.
Bismarck called politics 'the art of the possible' but in the heady days at the end of the Cold War, the possible was neglected for what we thought would be inevitable.
As far as Ukraine, it isn't exactly clear if there wasn't direct interference from the USA in the fall of the Yanukovych government. We have the leaked Nuland-Pyatt call for sure, not to mention acknowledged US operations to collapse democratically elected governments such as the Mohammed Mossadegh government of Iran. And that's just the ones we are allowed to know about officially. Calls to "defend democracy" ring hollow, as well as calls for respect for sovereignty. If the powers who continually talk about how important the rules are, keep breaking the rules, at some point another power is going to take the chance also. All sides have been lazy in implementing Minsk II, with the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission reporting violations from all sides, a side effect of Russian armed insurgents and huge weapons shipments from the USA. Ukraine is a victim of a proxy war that was simply frozen after the wall fell.